Understanding energy efficiency using a socioeconomic framework: The case of paddy farming in Malaysia

The agriculture sector is one of the contributors to energy use either as production input or bioenergy output. utilization based on Cobb-Douglas theory. Nevertheless, several factors affecting in paddy include fuel for running machinery, electricity irrigation, fertiliser improving soil fertility, pesticides pest control, and planting seeds. Albeit relationship between agricultural productivity well examined literature, results are mixed. Some studies argue that higher tends productivity, while others found efficiency leads productivity. This study investigates farmers’ socioeconomic status statistical analysis income, cost Malaysia’s MADA granary areas. Besides, it utilizes Energy Analysis approach analyze inputs selected by farmers. show harvested area does not affect positively affects income. Production costs influenced variables such ownership they depend willingness pay inputs. 6.35, which indicates farmers can obtain at least six times larger compared used activities. Keywords: efficiency, farmers, rice,